If you have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis there are many different things you can do to manage your symptoms. Some of these are simple lifestyle changes that you can make yourself, while others involve exploring the range of different treatment options that are available. In this blog, we will consider what osteoarthritis is and its symptoms, as well as looking at the various treatment options.
What is osteoarthritis?
There are many different types of arthritis, but osteoarthritis is the most common. It is a degenerative disease that causes the protective cartilage that cushions the end of the bones – enabling them to glide smoothly over each other as you move – to become worn. The result is pain, stiffness and a loss of mobility in the affected joint. Bony growths can develop and the area can become swollen or red.
While osteoarthritis can occur anywhere, it most often affects the knees, hips, hands and spine. There is no cure for the condition, so treatment focuses on slowing its development and managing the symptoms.
Several factors increase your risk of developing osteoarthritis including:
- Getting older – as you age your chances of osteoarthritis increases
- Gender – women are more likely than men to develop osteoarthritis
- Injuring or overusing the joint
- A family history of the disease
- Being overweight – carrying too much weight puts extra strain on your joints, particularly weight-bearing joints such as knees and hips
- Certain conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or gout can increase your susceptibility to osteoarthritis
What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis?
The symptoms of osteoarthritis develop gradually and worsen over time. They include:
- Pain in the joint, particularly during or after movement
- Stiffness which tends to be worse after inactivity, including first thing in the morning or when you have been sitting
- Reduced function and difficulty with everyday activities like walking, climbing stairs, getting into a car or kneeling
- A grinding sensation, clicking or a crackling sound when you move the affected joint
- Swelling, heat or tenderness around the joint
- Instability or weakness in the affected joint
What lifestyle changes help to manage osteoarthritis?
Making changes to your lifestyle can help to slow the progress of osteoarthritis and reduce the symptoms.
If you are overweight, shedding excess pounds can help to reduce the pressure on damaged joints. Every pound of extra weight adds around four pounds of stress to your knees, for example, so even relatively minor weight-loss can make a difference to your joints. If you need surgery when your symptoms worsen, losing weight can also help to reduce your risk of complications. Aim for a healthy BMI of between 18.5 and 25 kg/m2
Eating a healthy balanced diet can help support weight-loss and prevent weight-gain, as well as reducing inflammation in the body. Certain foods may help to support healthy joints. These include:
- Oily fish such as salmon, which contains omega-3 fatty acids
- Fruits and vegetables, such as broccoli and berries which contain antioxidants that help protect the joints
It is advisable to limit some foods, such as sugar which can trigger joint pain, and processed meats. Ensuring you get enough Vitamin D and Vitamin K helps to keep bones strong.
Regular low-impact exercise, such as walking, swimming or cycling can help keep your joints flexible and lubricated. Getting outside in the fresh air is also beneficial for your overall physical and mental health.
What over the counter medications are available for osteoarthritis?
Mild osteoarthritis symptoms can be managed with over-the-counter painkillers and anti-inflammatory gels which can be rubbed onto the affected joint.
What are the non-surgical treatment options for osteoarthritis?
A physiotherapist can recommend exercises to stretch and strengthen muscles around the affected joint, helping to support it. Using a knee or hip brace can relieve pressure on damaged joints by shifting your weight. Shoe inserts work in a similar way.
As osteoarthritis symptoms develop, your orthopaedic consultant may suggest an injection of corticosteroids directly into the affected joint which can provide pain relief for up to six months. Injections of hyaluronic acid can help to lubricate the joint so it functions better.
Frequently asked questions
Can supplements help osteoarthritis?
Various supplements are promoted for treating osteoarthritis, including glucosamine, chondroitin and cumin. Some are more effective than others. Check with your doctor before trying any of them as some may interfere with prescribed medication or cause side-effects.
How can I manage more severe osteoarthritis symptoms?
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease which means it worsens over time. Once your symptoms become moderate to severe, less invasive treatments may no longer be sufficient and it may be time to consider surgery. Some joint replacement surgery can be performed arthroscopically (keyhole surgery). Your orthopaedic consultant will recommend the best type of surgery for you.
Can osteoarthritis be prevented?
While it’s not always possible to prevent the development of osteoarthritis, making healthy lifestyle choices will help you feel better and may prevent or slow the development of certain types of degenerative diseases. Protect your joints by bending, lifting and carrying items correctly to avoid straining.
