If you are experiencing pain around the kneecap (patella), you may have runner’s knee. This is the term given to a range of conditions which share similar symptoms, including: anterior knee pain syndrome, iliotibial band syndrome, patellofemoral misalignment and chondromalacia patella.
While running is a common cause of runner’s knee, it can occur following any activity that places the knee under repeated stress, including jumping, skiing, walking, cycling and high impact sports. Women are more at risk than men and the condition particularly affects those who are overweight and aged 50 or over.
What causes runner’s knee?
Irritation to the soft tissues, strained tendons, torn or damaged cartilage can all cause pain around the kneecap. You may develop runner’s knee as a result of overusing your knee, failing to warm up properly before exercise, weak or tight hamstrings or Achilles tendons, trauma to the kneecap, poor foot support or poor form when walking or running. A direct injury to the knee, such as a fall or hard blow, can also be a factor in runner’s knee as can certain structural problems, such as flat feet or misalignment of the kneecap. In some cases, you may experience referred pain from your back or hip. Problems with your feet which affect the way you walk can also lead to knee pain.
How is runner’s knee diagnosed?
Your doctor will carry out a physical examination and ask you to describe your symptoms and how they began. You may then undergo an X-ray, CT scan or MRI scan which will reveal any damage to the soft tissues or knee joint.
The symptoms of runner’s knee include pain around the kneecap when you move or if you have been sitting for an extended period with your knees bent. You may also experience pain if you bend, squat or kneel or when you walk downstairs. A grinding or rubbing sensation or clicking sound when you bend and straighten your knee. Pain and tenderness in and around the kneecap.
It is important to undergo a proper diagnosis as runner’s knee shares similar symptoms to other health conditions.
What is the best way to treat runner’s knee?
In most cases, runner’s knee can be treated at home without the need for surgery. In the first instance, we recommend the RICE method. This entails: Rest to avoid further damage to the knee; Ice to reduce swelling and relieve pain. Use an ice pack or bag of frozen peas wrapped in a tea towel. Apply to the affected knee for 30 minutes at a time; Compression to your knee using an elasticated bandage to reduce swelling; Elevation of your knee above the level of the heart to prevent further swelling.
To relieve the pain, take painkillers or anti-inflammatory medication. A physiotherapist may recommend exercises to build strength and flexibility in your damaged knee. You might need to wear a brace for additional support or shoe inserts to correct the position of your knee. In most cases, runner’s knee will improve by itself in time. However, if you have damaged your cartilage or if the kneecap needs to be realigned, you may need surgery.
Can I prevent runner’s knee?
There are steps you can take to prevent runner’s knee, particularly if you are embarking on an exercise regime or increasing the intensity of your workout. Always warm up properly for at least five minutes before exercising. A physiotherapist can recommend stretches that will build strength and flexibility in your knee. Use well-fitting, good quality running shoes that are in good condition. Make sure you are using the correct form when running or jumping. If in doubt, it is advisable to have professional coaching. Avoid running on concrete. If you want to build up your training schedule, always do so gradually rather than suddenly increasing the duration or intensity of your workout.
If you are experiencing pain in and around your kneecap and would like to discuss a diagnosis or treatment plan, contact Prof. Joseph Queally.
